Leaf miner moth damage to a horse chestnut leaf (Aesculus hippocastanum). This damage is caused by the horse chestnut leaf miner moth (Cameraria ohridella). The moth lays its eggs on the tree leaves and the hatched larvae migrate to photosynthetic parenchyma cells to feed. This causes defoliation of the tree due to a reduction in photosynthesis and dehyration. In 2006, populations of horse chestnut trees in the south and east of England were severely affected by the leaf miner moth. Photographed in Norfolk, September 2006.