Ettore Marchiafava (1847-1935), Italian microbiologist. Marchiafava was born, studied and worked in Rome, becoming a professor of pathological anatomy and later a professor of medicine. His most important work was on infectious and epidemic diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis, and he studied the new disciplines of bacteriology and parasitology. He discovered that malaria is transmitted through the blood, and also identified the menigococcus bacteria. Marchiafava was the personal physician to three Popes. This photograph is from the Bain News Service, one of the USA's earliest news picture libraries. The photographs date from the 1890s to the 1930s.