Charles de l'Ecluse, also known as Carolus Clusius (1526-1609), Flemish botanist. Clusius studied medicine at Montpellier, but was never a practicing physician. He was placed in charge of the imperial medicinal garden at Vienna, and later designed the botanical garden at Leiden, one of the first in Europe. His first book was a translation of Dodoen's herbal, published in 1557. Thereafter he published numerous well illustrated books describing the botany of places as diverse as Spain and the Austrian Alps. In Holland he described the 'breaking' of tulip petals that gives flamed and feathered varieties and which led to the tulip mania of the 1630s. Clusius also wrote books on mushrooms and the Exoticorum libri decem, a survey of exotic flora and fauna. This engraving comes from van Meurs' Illustris Academia Lugd-Batava, printed at Leiden in 1613.