Averroes (1126-1198), Arabian physician and philosopher. Averroes's Arabic name, Abu al-Walid Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Rushd, is often given as Ibn Rushd (The Commentator). Averroes served as a judge and a physician in Spain and Morrocco. He wrote Kulliyat fi al tib (General Medicine) from 1162-1169 and Tahafut-al-Tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence). He also wrote commentaries on the work of Aristotle. Averroes's works were later widely translated into Latin. They were used by Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) as a basis for his influential philosophical works separating religious faith from scientific reason. This photogravure, from the period 1890-1940, is based on a lithograph by Vigneron.