Brain anatomy. Artwork combining profiles of brain and head anatomy. The brain is seen sliced in half to show the internal anatomy. The major part of the brain, the cerebrum, includes the folded outer layer, the cerebral cortex, that produces memory, language and conscious movement. Central areas of the brain include regions of the limbic system for the control of moods and instinct. Below this is the brainstem, controlling subconscious functions like breathing. It extends downwards and connects to the spinal cord in the neck. The cerebellum (at left of the brainstem, round area) is at the rear base of the brain. The cerebellum controls balance as well as muscle co-ordination.