Samuel Wendell Williston's rendition of an ancient environment and animals in Permo-Carboniferous time. The Permo-Carboniferous refers to the time period including the latter parts of the Carboniferous and early part of the Permian period. Permo-Carboniferous time, about 300 million years ago, was a period of great glaciation. The widespread distribution of Permo-Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica and Australia was one of the major pieces of evidence for the theory of continental drift. Illustration originally captioned: Permo-Carboniferous landscape, Figure 24 from unidentified source, 1916.