Charles-?douard Brown-S矇quard (April 8, 1817 - April 2, 1894), also known as Charles Edward, was a Mauritian physiologist and neurologist. He contributed largely to our knowledge of the blood and animal heat, as well as many facts of the highest importance on the nervous system. He was the first scientist to work out the physiology of the spinal cord, demonstrating that the decussation of the fibers carrying pain and temperature sensation occurs in the cord itself. He was the first to describe the syndrome which bears his name, Brown-S矇quard syndrome, a loss of sensation and motor function (paralysis and ataxia) that is caused by the lateral hemisection (cutting) of the spinal cord. He was one of the first to postulate the existence of substances, now known as hormones, secreted into the bloodstream to affect distant organs. Many nations claim him as their own, he was the son of an American sea captain and a French woman. He was born in Mauritius. He studied in the US and France and worked several years in the UK, US and France. He died in 1894 at the age of 76.