Samuel Morland (1625 - December 30, 1695) was an English polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing, hydraulics and steam power. Devoting much time to the study of mathematics, he also became an accomplished Latinist and was proficient in Greek, Hebrew and French. His main source of income came from applying his knowledge of mathematics and hydraulics to construct and maintain various machines. These included: water-engines, an early kind of water pump, using gunpowder to make a vacuum that would suck in water (in effect the first internal combustion engine), a non-decimal adding machine, a machine that made trigonometric calculations, an arithmetical machine by which the four fundamental rules of arithmetic were readily worked without charging the memory, disturbing the mind, or exposing the operations to any uncertainty, regarded by some as the world's first multiplying machine. He had a lifelong acquaintance with Samuel Pepys and corresponded with him about naval gun-carriages, designed a machine to weigh ship's anchors, developed new forms of barometers, and designed a cryptographic machine. He began to go blind, finally losing his sight in about 1692. He died in 1695 at the age of 70.