Palmistry is the claim of characterization and foretelling the future through the study of the palm. The practice is found all over the world, with numerous cultural variations. Those who practice chiromancy are called palmists, palm readers, hand readers, hand analysts, or chirologists. There are many, often conflicting, interpretations of various lines and palmar features across various schools of palmistry. These contradictions between different interpretations, as well as the lack of empirical support for palmistry's predictions, contribute to palmistry's perception as a pseudoscience. During the Middle Ages the art of palmistry was actively suppressed by the Catholic Church as pagan superstition. In Renaissance magic, palmistry was classified as one of the seven "forbidden arts," along with necromancy, geomancy, aeromancy, pyromancy, hydromancy, and spatulamancy (scapulimancy). From Antropologium de hominis dignitate, natura, et proprietatibus, de elementis, partibus, et membris humani corporis. De iuuamentis nocumentis, accidentibus, vitijs, remedijs, et physionomia ipsorum. De excreme[n]tis et exeu[n]tib[us] : de ani[m]a hu[m]ana et ipsius appendicijs by Magnus Hundt, 1501