The SPHERE instrument mounted on the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT) has made it possible to observe the complex dynamics of young solar systems, including one seen developing in real-time. Today it is known that planets form from vast discs of gas and dust encircling newborn stars, known as protoplanetary discs. Over time, the particles in these protoplanetary discs collide, combine and eventually build up into planet-sized bodies. At right, a complex system of concentric rings surrounds RX J1615, a young star which lies in the constellation of Scorpius, 600 light-years from Earth. The disc shows hints of being shaped by planets still in the process of formation. At left, young star HD 97048, located in the constellation of Chameleon, about 500 light-years from Earth, is surrounded by concentric rings. Most protoplanetary systems contain a multitude of asymmetrical spiral arms, voids and vortexes. A more common asymmetric disc is seen at center in the star HD 135344B, about 450 light-years away. The large central cavity and two prominent spiral arm-like structures are thought to have been created by one or multiple massive protoplanets, destined to become Jupiter-like worlds.

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