Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890), British explorer, geographer, writer, orientalist, cartographer and ethnologist. Expelled from Oxford University, Burton served in the army in India for seven years from 1842 where he learnt several Eastern languages. In 1853, he was one of the first Europeans to enter Medina and Mecca, in what is now Saudi Arabia. He explored Somaliland in Eastern Africa with John Speke, before fighting in the Crimean War. Burton went back to Africa with Speke in 1856 and they were the first Europeans to see Lake Tanganyika in 1858. He was knighted in 1886. Artwork published in 1886.