Edward Jenner, late 18th-early 19th century, (c1833). Portrait of English physician Edward Jenner (1749-1823). Jenner practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire, and noticed that immunity to smallpox was given by cow-pox. In 1796 he vaccinated James Phipps a number of times with pus from cow-pox pustules on a dairy maid. He then inoculated him with smallpox. The boy was ill for a few days, then recovered.