Sigmund Freud, born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 ??23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist, now known as the father of psychoanalysis.

Freud qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Vienna in 1881, and then carried out research into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy at the Vienna General Hospital. Upon completing his habilitation in 1895, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology in the same year and became an affiliated professor (professor extraordinarius) in 1902.

Freud's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture.