Thomas Graham (1805-1869), Scottish chemist. Graham ignored his father's wish that he should enter the church, and studied science, a decision that led to professorships in Glasgow, Scotland, and London, England. He was a founder of physical chemistry and the first president of the Chemical Society of London. He researched the mixing of gases separated by a porous barrier (diffusion) or allowed to mix by passing through a small hole (effusion). He also studied phosphorus and its oxyacids, and examined the behaviour of hydrogen gas with metals of the iron group. His work on dialysis began the effective study of colloidal chemistry. Engraving from The Year-Book of Facts 1857.