Louis Ollier (1830-1900), French surgeon. Ollier was educated in Montpellier, Lyon and Paris. He became surgeon in chief at the Hotel-Dieu in Lyon at the age of 30. He studied the growth and regeneration of bone and specialised in bone and joint surgery. He developed techniques of resection and bone grafting, as alternatives to amputation. In 1877, Ollier was appointed professor of surgery in Lyon. Ollier's disease (enchondromatosis), a condition where cartilage grows within bone, is named after him; as is Ollier's layer, the inner layer of the periosteum (fibrous connective tissue) closest to the bone.