Hydrocephalus. Newborn baby with an unusually large head due to hydrocephalus. Known also as water on the brain", skull enlargement occurs due to pressure from excess fluid within cavities of the brain. Hydrocephalus may be a congenital condition, or the result of head injury or an infection. This condition requires intensive care after birth. In most cases treatment for hydrocephalus involves draining excess fluid away from the brain by using a shunt (tube) inserted into the skull. If the condition is not treated in time, brain damage may occur."