Charts recording temperature, wind, rain and pressure across Europe in December 1861. These charts are from Meteorographica , published in 1863 by the English geographer and anthropologist, Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911). In Meteorographica, Galton founded the modern technique of weather mapping. The charts were created using observation data from about 80 stations across Europe. This was the first complete record of short-term climatic phenomena for Europe.