Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Physicist. Born in Germany, in 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Z羹rich for his dissertation on the dimensions of molecules and completed his paper, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies." At age 26, he applied his theory to mass and energy, formulating the equation e=mc2 known as the special theory of relativity that concerns the nature of matter and radiation, and their interaction. In 1921 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his photoelectric law and work in theoretical physics. He then began work on the unified field theory, and helped develop Quantum Mechanics. In 1933 Albert Einstein settled in Princeton, New Jersey to avoid Nazi powers, accepting a position at the institute for advanced study in Princeton. In 1939, Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt warning that Germany could construct an atomic bomb and urged American nuclear research. In his later years, Einstein became a world peace advocate.