South Manchurian Railway Company Hospital - Shenyang (formerly Mukden), China. With the region under Japanese control following victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5), Japanese settlers were encouraged through the construction of schools, libraries, hospitals and public utilities. The South Manchuria Railway Company (Mantetsu) - was a company founded in the Empire of Japan in 1906, taken over after the Russo-Japanese War, and operated within China in the Japanese-controlled South Manchuria Railway Zone. The railway itself ran from Lushun Port (Port Arthur) at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula to Harbin, where it connected to the Chinese Eastern Railway.