Homo floresiensis skull discovered at Liang Bua, a limestone cave on Flores Island, Indonesia in 2004. This fossil specimen, measuring only 100 centimetres in height, dates from 100,000 to 50,000 years ago. Homo floresiensis is believed to be a descendant of Homo erectus that underwent island dwarfism. It is thought to have become extinct around 12,000 years ago and therefore co-existed with modern humans (Homo sapiens).